How To Say To Change In Japanese

09.10.2016

Last time, you lot learned how the causative form works like 子こ供どもに勉べん強きょうをさせる ([I] volition make my child study). In passive and causative sentences, you lot have to pay attention to people'south positions such as doers and direction-givers. In this lesson, you will tackle one of the concepts unique to Japanese: receiving and giving. This is likewise involved with people's positions.

How to Limited Giving and Receiving by Using あげる, くれる, and もらう

First of all, we must say this topic is related to Japanese civilization. Yous have to understand the concept of our social community prior to the grammatical rule. Both あげる and くれる mean "to give" in English language, only y'all have to choose the proper one depending on contexts.

Permit's accept a family every bit an example for a social customs. In the chart above, a circle represents a community. Yous are an contained person and thus you accept your ain circle. You and your female parent are a member of your family and thus y'all and she share the big circle. In Japanese, you have to alter the wording based on the circles. When someone gives something from the inside to the outside, you lot take to use あげる. That is to say, you use あげる when y'all (*from your circle) give something to your mother, and when your female parent (from your family circumvolve) gives something to Mr. A. What if someone gives something from the outside to the within? This is where くれる comes into play. You lot use くれる when Mr. A (*from the outside of your family circumvolve) gives something to your mother, and your mother (from the exterior of your own circle) gives something to you. As for betwixt Mr. A and Mr. B, you always utilize あげる. The wording will thing only when circles y'all belong to is involved with transactions. Now, let's move onto the judgement construction.

あげる, くれる, and もらう as Verbs

[私わたしは / が]	ノートを	お母かあさんに	あげる / あげます
[Topic / Subject]	Direct Object	Target	Verb
[I] will requite my mother a notebook.

Dissimilar the cultural concept, the grammar is very uncomplicated. Yous just use the particle を and the particle に. Hither are more examples.

お母かあさんはノートをAさんに（あげた / あげました）。
My mother gave Mr. A a notebook.

AさんはノートをBさんに（あげた / あげました）。
Mr. A gave Mr. B a notebook.

Aさんはノートをお母かあさんに（くれた / くれました）。
Mr. A gave my mother a notebook.

お母かあさんはノートを私わたしに（くれた / くれました）。
My mother gave me a notebook.

あげる and くれる are used on the premise that recipients volition feel happy by means of giving something. Thus, if transactions may not issue in any happiness, you cannot utilise them.

先生せんせいが宿しゅく題だいをたくさん 出だした ・くれた。
The teacher gave [us] a lot of homework.

履り歴書れきしょを 渡わたした ・あげた。
[I] handed over my resume.

お母かあさんは	ノートを	私わたしに / から	もらう / もらいます
[Topic / Subject]	Straight Object	Doer / Source	Verb
My female parent volition receive a notebook from me.

This is the analogue to the example above, just seen from your mother's indicate of view. In this context, you lot use もらう to express "to receive." The particle should be に to express doers because the bodily activity is "to requite" or you tin likewise utilise から to express sources. When you lot use もらう, you don't accept to pay attending to the circles.

Aさんはノートをお母かあさんに（もらった / もらいました）。
Mr. A received a notebook from my female parent.

BさんはノートをAさんから（もらった / もらいました）。
Mr. B received a notebook class Mr. A.

お母かあさんはノートをAさんから（もらった / もらいました）。
My female parent received a notebook from Mr. A.

私わたしはノートをお母かあさんから（もらった / もらいました）。
I received a notebook from my female parent.

…てあげる, …てくれる, and …てもらう as Helping Verbs

Helping verbs alone cannot make a sentence, but you lot can give diverse contexts to sentences past combining verbs with helping verbs. The conjugation is simple. Yous tin apply the te-class and just attach helping verbs.

見みる => 見みてあげる・くれる・もらう

する => してあげる・くれる・もらう

来くる => 来きてあげる・くれる・もらう

買かう => 買かってあげる・くれる・もらう

読よむ => 読よんであげる・くれる・もらう

The bones concept remains the same. When yous or your community do something for someone, you lot utilize …てあげる. When someone does something for you lot or your community, you employ …てくれる. When you run into information technology from the recipient's point of view, you use …てもらう. All of them should be used on the premise recipients will feel happy. At present, permit's check the structure.

お母かあさんは	手て紙がみを	[私わたしに]	書かいて（くれた / くれました）
Topic / Subject field	Direct Object	[Target]	Verb + Helping Verb
My female parent wrote a letter [to me].

Comparing the obviously expression, お母かあさんは手て紙がみを私わたしに（書かいた / 書かきました）, the meanings are the same, but you can limited your gratitude past using …てくれる. Thus, if you are happy with the alphabetic character given by your mother, you should use …てくれる; otherwise, you may expect rude. This is very important. You need to primary this if yous want to speak natural Japanese.

弟おとうとが本ほんを貸かして（くれた / くれました）。
[My] younger brother lent [me] the volume.

先生せんせいが私わたしと会あって（くれる / くれます）。
The teacher volition meet me.

先生せんせいは子こ供どもを褒ほめて（くれた / くれました）。
The teacher praised [my] child.

お母かあさんが宿しゅく題だいを手て伝つだって（くれた / くれました）。
My mother helped [me] with the homework.

Note: you should not utilize …てあげる to those who are in higher status. This is not very polite. For example, 先生せんせいに本ほんを貸かしてあげました sounds condescending. You can use this to those who are in lower condition. It is also a good idea to combine this with causative sentences to give permission.

子こ供どもにケーキを買かって（あげた / あげました）。
[I] bought cake to [my] child.

子こ供どもに数学すうがくを教おしえて（あげた / あげました）。
[I] taught [my] child mathematics.

子こ供どもに公園こうえんで遊あそばせて（あげた / あげました）。
[I] allow [my] kid to play in the park.

子こ供どもにゲームをさせて（あげた / あげました）。
[I] let [my] kid t to play game.

[私わたしは]	手て紙がみを	お母かあさんに	書かいて（もらった / もらいました）
[Topic / Field of study]	Straight Object	Doer	Verb + Helping Verb
[I] got my mother to write a letter. Lit. [I] received the favor of writing a letter from my mother.

This is the analogue to the example above, but seen from your signal of view. This usage cannot properly be translated into English. The structure is like to causative sentences: 手て紙がみをお母かあさんに書かかせました, but y'all can certainly limited your gratitude by using …てもらう.

彼女かのじょに料りょう理りを作つくって（もらった / もらいました）。
[I] got [my] girlfriend to make a meal.

妹いもうとに歌うたって（もらった / もらいました）。
[I] got [my] younger sis to sing [a song].

田た中なかさんに会社かいしゃを辞やめて（もらう / もらいます）。
[I] volition get Tanaka-san to quit our company.

文法ぶんぽうは鈴すず木きさんに教おしえて（もらう / もらいます）。
As for grammar, [I] will get Suzuki-san to teach me [it].

When something is transferred from doers, you can supercede the particle に with the particle から to express sources. In the above examples, only 教おしえる is the case. Cognition will be transferred from Suzuki-san.

田た中なかさんから・に会社かいしゃを辞やめて（もらう / もらいます）。

文法ぶんぽうは鈴すず木きさんから・に教おしえて（もらう / もらいます）。

Permit'due south think about the doer'south volition. You can really utilise …てもらう both when someone voluntarily does something for you and you make someone do something for you lot because the function is just to limited your gratitude. For example, if your girlfriend would voluntarily brand a meal for you and and so your mother asked yous "what exercise you want to eat today?", you lot tin can say, "今日きょうは彼女かのじょに料りょう理りを作つくってもらうんだ. In another example, if you lot fired Tanaka-san due to an avoidable situation and y'all announced it to other employees, yous tin say, "田た中なかさんに会社かいしゃを辞やめてもらいました."

Summary

You lot use あげる when you give something to someone from your community.
You use くれる when someone gives something to yous from the outside of your customs.
Yous use もらう when you see information technology from the recipient'south point of view.
あげる and くれる are used on the premise that recipients volition feel happy by means of giving something.
…てくれる and …てもらう expresses your gratitude.
…てあげる is not very polite, you may sound rather condescending.

There are a lot of languages in the world, only the ones which have concepts like あげる and くれる are rare. Please try to understand our social culture, which volition exist helpful when you larn polite speech communication in detail. Helping verbs may as well be hard; however, y'all need them to speak natural Japanese. In the adjacent lesson, you will larn more about helping verbs.